9.Distance Measurement System Using Ultrasonic Sensor and LCD Display with Arduino

 Distance Measurement System Using Ultrasonic Sensor and LCD Display with Arduino

                                                                   Circuit Diagram

Materials Needed:

• Arduino board
• Ultrasonic sensor (e.g., HC-SR04)
• LCD (16x2) with I2C interface
• Jumper wires
• Breadboard (optional)

Connections:

1. Ultrasonic Sensor to Arduino:

   • TRIG pin → Pin 9
   • ECHO pin → Pin 10
   • VCC pin → 5V
   • GND pin → GND

2. LCD to Arduino:

   • RS → Pin 8
   • E → Pin 7
   • D4 → Pin 6
   • D5 → Pin 5
   • D6 → Pin 4
   • D7 → Pin 3

Procedure:

1. Connect the Components:

   • Use jumper wires to connect the ultrasonic sensor and the LCD as described above.

2. Write the Arduino Code:

• Copy and paste the following code into the Arduino IDE:

C++ Code

#include <Adafruit_LiquidCrystal.h>

// Ultrasonic sensor pins

const int trigPin = 9;

const int echoPin = 10;

// Initialize the LCD with RS, E, D4, D5, D6, D7 pins

Adafruit_LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3);

void setup() {

  Serial.begin(9600);  // Start the serial communication at 9600 baud rate

  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

  lcd.begin(16, 2);  // Set up the LCD's number of columns and rows

  lcd.print("Distance:");

}

void loop() {

  long duration;

  int distance;

  // Send a 10us pulse to trigger the sensor

  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  delayMicroseconds(2);

  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

  delayMicroseconds(10);

  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  // Measure the duration of the pulse on the echo pin

  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance in centimeters

  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

  // Print the distance to the serial monitor

  Serial.print("Distance: ");

  Serial.print(distance);

  Serial.println(" cm");

  // Display the distance on the LCD

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);  // Set the cursor to the second row

  lcd.print("                "); // Clear previous value

  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);  // Set the cursor to the second row again

  lcd.print(distance);

  lcd.print(" cm");

  delay(500);  // Wait for a short while before the next measurement

}

1. Upload the Code:

   • Connect your Arduino to the computer and upload the code using the Arduino IDE.

2. Observe LCD Behavior:

   • The LCD will display "Distance:" on the first line and the current distance in centimeters on the second line.
   • You can also check the distance readings in the Serial Monitor if needed.

Explanation:

• The TRIG pin sends a pulse to start measuring distance.
• The ECHO pin receives the reflected pulse, and the time taken is used to calculate the distance in centimeters.
• The Adafruit_LiquidCrystal library is used to control the LCD, which displays the distance value on the second line.