8.Ultrasonic with servo

Ultrasonic with servo

Materials Needed:

  • Arduino board
  • Ultrasonic sensor (e.g., HC-SR04)
  • Servo motor
  • Jumper wires
  • Breadboard (optional)

Connections:

  1. Ultrasonic Sensor to Arduino:

    • TRIG pin → Pin 9
    • ECHO pin → Pin 10
    • VCC pin → 5V
    • GND pin → GND

  2. Servo Motor to Arduino:

    • Signal pin → Pin 11
    • VCC → 5V
    • GND → GND

Procedure:

  1. Connect the Components:

    • Use jumper wires to connect the ultrasonic sensor and the servo motor as described above.

  2. Write the Arduino Code:

    • Copy and paste the following code into the Arduino IDE:

C++ Code

#include <Servo.h>

const int trigPin = 9;
const int echoPin = 10;
const int servoPin = 11;
int thresholdDistance = 20;  // Set the distance threshold in centimeters

Servo myServo;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);  // Start the serial communication at 9600 baud rate
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
  myServo.attach(servoPin);
  myServo.write(0);  // Set servo to initial position (0 degrees)
}

void loop() {
  long duration;
  int distance;

  // Send a 10us pulse to trigger the sensor
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  // Measure the duration of the pulse on the echo pin
  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance in centimeters
  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

  // Print the distance to the serial monitor
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println(" cm");

  // Move the servo if the object is closer than the threshold distance
  if (distance <= thresholdDistance) {
    myServo.write(90);  // Move servo to 90 degrees
  } else {
    myServo.write(0);  // Move servo back to 0 degrees
  }

  delay(500);  // Wait for a short while before the next measurement
}

  1. Upload the Code:

    • Connect your Arduino to the computer and upload the code using the Arduino IDE.

  2. Open the Serial Monitor:

    • Open the Serial Monitor to see the distance readings. Ensure the baud rate is set to 9600.

  3. Observe Servo Motor Behavior:

    • The servo will move to 90 degrees when an object is closer than 20 cm (you can adjust the thresholdDistance value to change the threshold).
    • When the object is farther away, the servo will move back to 0 degrees.

Explanation:

  • The TRIG pin sends a pulse to start measuring distance.
  • The ECHO pin receives the reflected pulse, and the duration is used to calculate the distance in centimeters.
  • If the distance is below the thresholdDistance (20 cm by default), the servo motor moves to 90 degrees.
  • If the distance is greater than the threshold, the servo returns to 0 degrees.

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