2.Ultrasonic With One Led

 Ultrasonic With One Led

Materials Needed:

  • Arduino board
  • Ultrasonic sensor (e.g., HC-SR04)
  • Blue LED
  • 220Ω resistor
  • Jumper wires
  • Breadboard (optional)

Connections:

  1. Ultrasonic Sensor to Arduino:

    • TRIG pin → Pin 9
    • ECHO pin → Pin 10
    • VCC pin → 5V
    • GND pin → GND

  2. LED to Arduino:

    • Connect the anode (longer leg) of the blue LED to Pin 13 through a 220Ω resistor.
    • Connect the cathode (shorter leg) to GND.

Procedure:

  1. Connect the Ultrasonic Sensor and LED:

    • Use jumper wires to connect the ultrasonic sensor as described above.
    • Connect the blue LED to digital Pin 13 using the resistor.

  2. Write the Arduino Code:

    • Copy and paste the following code into the Arduino IDE:

C++ Code

const int trigPin = 9;
const int echoPin = 10;
const int ledPin = 13;
int thresholdDistance = 20;  // Set the distance threshold in centimeters

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);  // Start the serial communication at 9600 baud rate
  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  long duration;
  int distance;

  // Send a 10us pulse to trigger the sensor
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  // Measure the duration of the pulse on the echo pin
  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

  // Calculate the distance in centimeters
  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

  // Print the distance to the serial monitor
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println(" cm");

  // Turn on the LED if the object is closer than the threshold distance
  if (distance <= thresholdDistance) {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  }

  delay(500);  // Wait for a short while before the next measurement
}

  1. Upload the Code:

    • Connect the Arduino to your computer using a USB cable.
    • Select the appropriate board and port in the Arduino IDE.
    • Click the "Upload" button to upload the code to your Arduino.

  2. Open the Serial Monitor:

    • Once the code is uploaded, open the Serial Monitor in the Arduino IDE by clicking on Tools > Serial Monitor, or press Ctrl+Shift+M.
    • Set the baud rate to 9600.

  3. Observe the Distance Measurements:

    • The serial monitor will display the distance readings from the ultrasonic sensor in centimeters.
    • The measurements are updated every 500 milliseconds (0.5 seconds).

Explanation:

  • The TRIG pin sends a pulse to start measuring distance.
  • The ECHO pin receives the reflected pulse, and the time is used to calculate the distance.
  • The LED is turned on if the measured distance is less than or equal to the specified threshold (thresholdDistance).
  • The LED remains off if the object is beyond that distance.

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